Comparative Study of the Legal Status of Bengalis in Pakistan and Biharis in Bangladesh

Abstract

Bangladesh came into existence in 1971. Though both Bangladesh and Pakistan still struggle with the consequences of the conflict, especially for two ethnic groups: the Bihari community in Bangladesh and the Bengali community in Pakistan, diplomatic ties between Bangladesh and Pakistan have improved over the last fifty years. Opponents of the freedom struggle, the Biharis have suffered societal ostracism since 1971. Though they are lawful citizens of Bangladesh, their forebears' loyalty to Pakistan causes them notable societal stigma. This research investigates the obstacles Biharis face in reaping the advantages of citizenship. Similarly, the Bengali population in Pakistan finds a more difficult scenario, usually seen as an ethnic minority or illegal migrants. Their legal position is unclear, hence in reality they are stateless, which robs them of fundamental human rights and access to justice. Both populations have suffered official and societal discrimination for decades because of the political consequences of the 1971 conflict, although they also help to support the economy of their own nations. This research looks at the legal quandaries of the Bengali minority in Pakistan and the social difficulties experienced by the Bihari population in Bangladesh as well as possible answers for both governments to handle these long-standing problems.